Abstract: Hot springs are valuable geothermal and water resources in Guizhou. The research on the efficacy and mechanism of hot spring physiotherapy is greatly conducive to promoting the sound development and efficient utilization of hot spring resources. This paper expounds the basis and current situation of the development of hot spring industry in Guizhou, reviews the epidemiological research carried out in Guizhou that analyzed the long-term hot spring bathing habits of residents in areas with hot springs and their relationship with chronic diseases, as well as the research of the impact of hot spring bathing intervention on human health indicators, so as to provide a scientific basis for the efficacy of hot spring physiotherapy. The research results provide scientific reference for promoting the scientific and sound development of hot spring health care industry, and changing the public's understanding of hot springs from entertainment and leisure to health care, promoting the health industry in Guizhou.