Objective To screen for malignant tumors and high-risk factors in rural residents over 60 years old， so as to prevent and control the occurrence and development of tumors in the future.

Methods The survey was conducted with reference to part of the questionnaire in the "Urban Cancer Early Diagnosis and Treatment Project and Evaluation of High-risk Populations". Clinical examinations included serum tumor marker detection， CT screening for lung cancer， occult blood （+） plus colonoscopy screening for colorectal cancer， and mammography screening. Individuals who were positive in the abovementioned clinical tests were defined as high-risk subjects.

Results A total of 271 high-risk subjects （1.91%） were screened out of 14 161. Among the high-risk subjects， 71 cases of malignant tumors （26.19%） were found， with an incidence rate of 501.38 per 10⁵. The top five tumors （63.38% of all diagnosed） were mainly concentrated in lung， upper digestive tract， blood system， urinary system， and rectum-colon. The proportion of malignant tumors detected by positive indicators was 61.54% of blood； 46.15% of carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 125； 23.08% of alpha-fetoprotein； 16.66% of lung CT； and 3.09% of prostate PSA. The positive indicators in the high-risk subjects were mainly for the tumors in the prostate， lungs， liver， and CEA/CA125. The subjects with positive test indicators had lower average annual income in the last 5 years than the normal subject group （χ²=3.380， P=0.040）. The subjects with positive test indicators had higher proportion in family history of tumors than the normal group （χ²=2.596， P=0.046）. People in the high-risk group had a higher proportion than the normal group in suffering from hypertension， liver disease， gastrointestinal disease， respiratory system disease， and surgical treatment. Patients with high-risk tumors were found to have higher proportion than the normal group in showing pre-tumor clinical symptoms in the last 1 year. Study of the tumor-related risk factors found that the high-risk group had a higher proportion of high-fat/high-cholesterol diet， alcohol drinking， passive smoking， and personality depression.

Conclusion High tumor risk factors have been identified in this population. It is necessary to strengthen the corresponding intervention and follow-up treatment of precancerous diseases in the future. We recommend the government to conduct tumor screening among high-risk groups to improve cost-effectiveness.