江苏省常熟市<b>2015</b>—<b>2019</b>年新报告艾滋病病例的晚发现情况及其影响因素

周春娟

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2022.21356

江苏省常熟市2015—2019年新报告艾滋病病例的晚发现情况及其影响因素

周春娟

Late detection of newly reported AIDS cases and its influencing factors in Changshu City of Jiangsu Province from 2015 to 2019

ZHOU Chunjuan

摘要

摘要:
目的了解江苏省常熟市2015—2019年人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者和艾滋病患者（AIDS）新报告和晚发现情况，为艾滋病防治工作提供科学依据。
方法通过“艾滋病综合防治信息系统”收集常熟市2015—2019年新报告HIV/AIDS病例，按照HIV/AIDS晚发现标准，采用现况调查的方法，核实调查报告晚发现病例的影响因素并进行相关流行病学分析。
结果常熟市2015—2019年累计报告423例HIV/AIDS病例，年均发病率为4.33/10万，总体发病率未呈现下降趋势（ $χ_{趋势}^{2}$ =3.543，P=0.060）。男性发病率（7.35/10万）高于女性（0.93/10万），男性发病率有明显下降趋势（ $χ_{趋势}^{2}$ =6.264，P=0.012），女性发病率上升趋势不明显（ $χ_{趋势}^{2}$ =1.717，P=0.190）。年均HIV/AIDS病例报告晚发现率为23.88%（101/423），其中以2015年最高（33.68%），2017年最低（12.94%），呈先下降后上升的谷状分布，近5年HIV/AIDS病例报告晚发现率差异有统计学意义（ $χ_{}^{2}$ =17.087，P=0.002）。报告晚发现患者中男性占比（89.11%）多于女性（10.89%）；≥50岁人群占比最多（46.53%）；本地户籍（58.42%）高于外地户籍（41.58%）；初中文化者居多（36.63%），其次为小学（26.73%）和高中（21.78%）；婚姻状况中已婚有配偶者占68.32%；职业居前3位的是农民（24.75%）、工人（24.75%）和商业服务（22.77%），其他职业占比均<10%；样本来源以其他疾病就诊检测者居多（36.63%），其次为检测咨询（29.70%）和术前检测（16.83%）；无性病史者晚发现比例达77.23%，同性恋者（57.43%）高于异性恋者（42.57%）。
结论常熟市近5年HIV/AIDS病例报告晚发现率呈先下降后上升趋势，今后要重点关注老年人、男男性行为人群（MSM）和青年学生等HIV感染高危人群，加大健康教育宣传力度，扩大HIV检测面，提高早发现能力，切实降低HIV传播风险。

Abstract:
Objective To understand the late detection of new HIV/AIDS cases in Changshu City from 2015 to 2019， and to provide scientific basis for AIDS prevention and control.
Methods The newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Changshu City from 2015 to 2019 were collected through the “information system for integrated prevention and treatment of AIDS”. According to the criteria for late detection of HIV/AIDS， the influencing factors of late detection of HIV/AIDS were verified and the relevant epidemiological analysis was carried out.
Results A total of 423 cases of HIV/AIDS were reported in Changshu City from 2015 to 2019， and the average incidence rate was 4.33/10⁵. The overall incidence rate did not show a downward trend （χ²_trend=3.543， P=0.060）. The incidence rate of males （7.35/10⁵） was higher than that of females （0.93/10⁵）. The trend of incidence rate in males was significantly decreased （χ²_trend=6.264， P=0.012）， but it did not have a significant change in females （χ²_trend=1.717， P=0.190）. The average annual HIV/AIDS late detection rate was 23.88% （101/423）， with the highest in 2015 （33.68%） and the lowest in 2017 （12.94%）.It showed a valley distribution pattern with first decline and then rise. The difference in HIV/AIDS late detection rate in recent five years was statistically significant （χ²=17.087， P=0.002）. At the end of the report， the proportion of male patients （89.11%） was higher than that of females （10.89%）， and nearly half （46.53%） of the patients were in elderly group aged 50 years old （46.53%）. Patients with local registered residence （58.42%） had higher late detection rate than those with foreign household registration （41.58）. Most the patients were junior high school educated （36.63%）， followed by primary school （26.73%） and senior high school （21.78%）. 68.32% of the patients were married and had a spouse. The top three occupations in patients were farmers （24.75%）， workers （24.75%） and business services （22.77%）， and the other occupations accounted for less than 10%. Most of the HIV positive samples were from other diseases （36.63%）， followed by testing consultation （29.70%） and preoperative testing （16.83%）. 77.23% of the late detection patients had no history of sexual diseases. Late detection in homosexuals （57.43%） were higher than that in heterosexuals （42.57%）.
Conclusion The late detection rate of HIV/AIDS in Changshu City in recent five years showed a downward trend and then an upward trend. In the future， we should focus on the elderly， MSM， young students and other high-risk groups of HIV infection， strengthen health education and publicity， expand the scope of HIV testing， improve the ability of early detection， and effectively reduce the risk of HIV transmission.

HTML全文

参考文献(21)

施引文献

资源附件(0)