Objective To explore non-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） behavior and its influencing factors in adolescents with depression.

Methods A total of 140 adolescent patients diagnosed with depression and treated in Lishui second people’s hospital from June 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects. According to whether the patients exhibited NSSI behavior， they were divided into the NSSI group and the control group. The general survey， NSSI behavior questionnaire， the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire， the Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Checklist and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale （Chinese version） were used to investigate the adolescent patients， and the differences between the NSSI group and the control group were compared. The main factors affecting the NSSI behavior of the adolescent patients with depression were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.

Results A total of 62 patients （44.29%） exhibited NSSI behavior， including two patients （3.22%） with one type of NSSI behavior， 10 patients （16.13%） with two types， 15 patients （24.19%） with three types， 11 patients （17.74%） with four types， 9 patients （14.52%） with five types， and 15 patients （24.19%） with six types or more. There were significant differences in the severity of depression and sleep disturbance between the two groups （all P<0.05）. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that self-blame， blaming others， rumination， interpersonal relationships and being punished were all factors that affected the NSSI behavior of adolescent patients with depression （all P<0.05）； positive refocusing， positive reappraisal， family cohesion and family adaptability were the protective factors affecting NSSI behavior of adolescents with depression （all P<0.05）.

Conclusion Adolescent patients with depression are prone to non-suicidal self-injury， which is closely related to cognitive emotion， social relationships， family environment and other factors.