不同喂养方式对<b>6~12</b>月龄段婴幼儿体格生长与营养状况的影响

姜春花; 黄俊; 李云; 张莺; 康淑蓉; 张晶; 李文先; 蒋泓; 徐晓玺

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2023.22375

不同喂养方式对6~12月龄段婴幼儿体格生长与营养状况的影响

Effects of different feeding patterns on physical and nutritional status of infants aged 6‒12 months

摘要

摘要:
目的了解不同喂养方式对6~12月龄段婴幼儿体格生长与营养状况的影响，为婴幼儿科学喂养及健康促进提供依据。
方法选择2019年12月—2020年2月出生且在上海市闵行区所有13家社区完成6、9（8~10个月）和12（11~14个月）月龄段3次随访的婴幼儿，线上问卷调查其基本信息，门诊随访其喂养方式、体格生长（体质量、身长、头围）及营养状况（超重、肥胖、低体质量、生长迟缓、消瘦、缺铁性贫血），其中缺铁性贫血仅于6和12月龄段监测。依据不同喂养方式，6月龄段分为纯母乳喂养（EBF）、混合喂养（MF）和人工喂养（AF）组，9、12月龄段分为MF和AF组，分析各组婴幼儿随访结果的差异。
结果共纳入470例儿童，其中6月龄段EBF、MF、AF组分别为130（27.66%）、288（61.28%）和52例（11.06%）；9、12月龄段MF组分别为319（67.87%）和196例（41.70%）。不同喂养方式的6~12月龄婴幼儿体格生长（体质量、身长、头围）与营养状况指标（超重、肥胖、低体质量、生长迟缓、消瘦）比较，差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。6月龄段婴幼儿EBF组缺铁性贫血检出率为13.08%，高于MF组（5.90%）和AF组（1.92%）（χ²=8.40，P=0.010），且12月龄段婴幼儿MF组缺铁性贫血检出率（9.69%）高于AF组（2.92%）（χ²=9.68，P=0.002）。
结论不同喂养方式对6~12月龄段婴幼儿的身长、体质量、头围以及超重、肥胖、低体质量、生长迟缓、消瘦无明显影响；6、12月龄段婴幼儿EBF、MF组缺铁性贫血检出率高于AF组。

Abstract:
Objective To analyze the effects of different feeding patterns on the physical and nutritional status of children aged 6‒12 months， so as to provide reference for promoting scientific feeding and health development of infants and young children.
Methods Children born between December 2019 and February 2020 and who had completed three follow-up visits at 6‒， 9‒ （8‒10 months） and 12‒ （11‒14 months） months old in all of the 13 communities of Minhang， Shanghai were selected. The subjects’ basic information was investigated by questionnaires. The indicators including feeding pattern， physical development （body weight， body length， head circumference） and nutritional status （the detection rate of overweight， obesity， low body weight， growth retardation， emaciation and iron deficiency anemia） were followed up in the outpatient department， with iron deficiency anemia only monitored at the 6‒ and 12‒ months old. According to different feeding patterns， the groups of 6‒ months old were divided into three groups of exclusive breast feeding （EBF）， mixed feeding （MF） and artificial feeding （AF）， while 9‒ and 12‒ months old were divided into MF and AF groups. The differences of basic information and follow-up results among the groups were analyzed.
Results A total of 470 children were included， including 130 （27.66%）， 288 （61.28%） and 52 （11.06%） respectively in EBF， MF and AF groups at the 6‒ months old，and 319 （67.87%） and 196 （41.70%） in MF group at the 9‒ and 12‒ months old. There was no significant difference in the other follow-up results among the groups. The detection rate of iron deficiency anemia in 6‒ months old EBF （13.08%） was higher than that in MF group （5.90%） and AF group （1.92%）（χ²=8.40， P=0.010）， while it was still higher in 12‒ months old MF group （9.69%） than in AF group （2.92%）（χ²=9.68， P=0.002）.
Conclusion There is no significant difference in body weight，body length， head circumference， and the detection rates of overweight， obesity， low body weight， growth retardation and emaciation among the groups of different feeding patterns in the children aged 6‒12 months. The detection rate of iron deficiency anemia in the EBF and MF groups is significantly higher than that in the AF groups of children aged 6‒ and 12‒ months old.

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