Objective This paper analyzed the punishment situation of unlicensed medical practice in recent 7 years in Jinshan District of Shanghai， then suggested the countermeasures to prevent and combat unlicensed medical practice in the future.

Methods A total of 190 cases of unlicensed medical practice from 2016 to 2022 were investigated. The basic situation of the punishment，legal basis，subject distribution，clue source and individual characteristics were analyzed.

Results The case-filing number of unlicensed medical practice showed a decreasing trend，but the amount of fines increased obviously. The clues of investigation and punishment of unlicensed medicine practice were mainly found by inspection（32.11%） and transferred from other departments（28.42%）， while the number of complaints and clues reported from grassroots increased year by year. Medical and dental were the two major unlicensed practice，accounting for 35.79% and 33.16%， respectively. In addition， unlicensed medical cosmetology practice was increasing year by year. 78.62% of the unlicensed medical practioners are immigrants， 62.76% of them aged between 31 and 50 years old， among them 70.34% are men， and 62.76% of them have a fixed place.

Conclusion Though the prevention and crack-down on unlicensed medical practice has achieved significant achievements，it is still necessary to enhance the responsibility of local administration，strengthen the inspection，investigate and deal with cases jointly by multiple departments，and implement the comprehensive supervision mechanism of the health care industry.