<b>2017</b>—<b>2021</b>年海南省文昌市主动监测食源性疾病流行特征及分析

何昌华; 梅振坤

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2023.22637

2017—2021年海南省文昌市主动监测食源性疾病流行特征及分析

Analysis of epidemiological features of food-borne diseases through active surveillance in Wenchang， Hainan Province from 2017 to 2021

摘要

摘要:
目的了解海南省文昌市食源性疾病流行和病原学特征，分析可疑食品暴露场所和来源，为当地制定早期防控策略提供科学参考。
方法回顾性分析2017—2021年文昌市各哨点医院通过国家食源性疾病监测报告系统上报且符合食源性疾病诊断的病例资料，对时间、人群、地区、可疑暴露食品和病原学等因素进行统计分析。
结果 2017—2021年文昌市共监测食源性疾病病例2 219例，性别差异无统计学意义（χ²=5.732，P>0.05）。年龄组间差异有统计学意义（χ²=168.125，P<0.001），发病年龄以<7岁的病例占比最高（37.95%），其次为7~岁（15.41%）、19~岁（11.72%）和>60岁（11.36%）。不同职业差异有统计学意义（χ²=231.914，P<0.001），学龄前儿童的病例数最多（36.05%），其次为学生（17.49%）和农民（16.18%）。发病高峰集中在7—11月（54.44%）。监测病例的可疑暴露食品以蔬菜类及其制品（17.49%）和多种食品（17.08%）为主；暴露场所以家庭（76.30%）和餐饮服务业（13.56%）居多。采集检测标本1 085份，病原体的总检出率为12.26%，其中沙门菌检出率为9.95%，诺如病毒检出率为2.03%，轮状病毒检出率为0.28%。不同年份间的检出率差异无统计学意义（χ²=1.086，P>0.05）。
结论文昌市食源性疾病发生具有人群、病原和季节性流行特征。以学龄前儿童、学生、农民和老年人发病为主，暴露多为家庭和餐饮服务场所中的蔬菜类、多种食品、粮食类和肉类。应加强居民、食品经营者的食品安全意识的健康教育并对食品相关场所进行监督，降低食源性疾病发生率。

Abstract:
Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of food-borne diseases in Wenchang， Hainan Province， and to analyze the suspected food exposure sites and sources so as to provide scientific data for early prevention.
Methods The data of food-borne disease cases， including basic information， time， population， region， suspected exposed food， etiology， etc.， from the sentinel hospitals of the surveillance systems in Wenchang from 2017 to 2021 were statistically analyzed.
Results A total of 2 219 food-borne disease cases were collected from 2017 to 2021. The male-to-female sex ratio was 1.2：1， and there was no significant statistical difference （χ²=5.732， P>0.05）. Cases were mainly concentrated in children aged <7 years （43.26%）， followed by 7 to 18 years （15.41%）， 19 to 30 years （11.72%） and >60 years （11.36%）， and there was a significant statistical difference （χ²=168.125， P<0.001）. The highest number of cases were found in preschool children （36.05%）， followed by students （17.49%） and farmers （16.18%）. The peak incidence occurred from July to November （54.44%）. The suspected exposure foods reported in the monitored cases were mainly vegetable foods （17.49%） and mixed foods （17.08%）. The exposure sites were primarily households （76.30%） and catering services （13.56%）. The positive rate of pathogens was 12.26% in 1085 tested samples， and there was no statistically significant difference in the annual detection rate （χ²=1.086， P>0.05）. The main pathogens of food-borne pathogens were Salmonella （9.95%）， followed by norovirus （2.03%） and rotavirus （0.28%）.
Conclusion The surveillance of foodborne disease cases in Wenchang shows seasonal peak patterns according to population and pathogen epidemiological features. The main affected groups are preschool children， students， farmers， and the elderly. The exposures are mainly related to vegetable foods and mixed foods in households and catering service establishments. Efforts should be made to strengthen food safety awareness， health education， and supervision targeting residents and food operators in order to reduce the incidence of foodborne diseases in the Wenchang area.

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