上海市长宁区≥<b>60</b>岁人群新型冠状病毒疫苗的接种特征及保护效率

庞红; 何晓定; 陈锦燕; 施玮; 金蓓; 薛静; 赵文穗; 姜庆五

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2023.22738

上海市长宁区≥60岁人群新型冠状病毒疫苗的接种特征及保护效率

Coverage and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among people aged 60 years and above in Changning District of Shanghai

摘要

摘要:
目的了解上海市长宁区≥60岁人群新型冠状病毒疫苗（简称“新冠疫苗”）的接种特征和疫苗对新冠病毒感染的保护效率（VE），为进一步实施老年人新冠疫苗接种策略提供参考。
方法收集2020年12月21日—2022年2月28日长宁区≥60岁人群新冠疫苗接种数据和2022年3月1日—2022年5月31日长宁区≥60岁人群新冠病毒感染确诊病例个案数据，采用过筛法对疫苗的VE进行评价。
结果老年人群中新冠疫苗至少部分免疫、至少全程免疫和加强免疫的接种率分别为69.89%、63.80%和31.91%，80岁及以上老年人疫苗接种率最低。疫苗对重症、危重症或死亡病例的VE最高，全程免疫的VE为96.15%（95%CI：84.15~99.06），加强免疫的VE达100%。
结论老年人新冠疫苗全程和加强免疫接种率偏低，特别是≥80岁的老年人。国产新冠疫苗接种对老年人新冠病毒奥密克戎BA.2变异株感染后的重症、危重症或死亡有保护效果。

Abstract:
Objective To assess the coverage and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in the elderly.
Methods This study was conducted in Changning District of Shanghai， targeting people aged 60 years and above. Vaccination data between 21 December 2020 and 28 February 2022 was retrieved from the Shanghai Collective Immunization System. Information on confirmed cases of COVID-19 from March 2022 through May 2022 was collected from the National Notifiable Diseases Reporting System. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated using the screening method.
Results As of 28 February 2022， 69.89% of people aged ≥60 years had received ≥1-dose vaccine， 63.80% had received full primary vaccination and 31.91% had received a booster dose. Vaccination coverage declined over age， with the lowest coverage in the elderly aged ≥80 years. Moreover， COVID-19 vaccination provided the highest protection against severe/critical illness and death due to the Omicron variants in the elderly aged ≥60 years. Full primary vaccination showed 96.15%（95%CI：84.15‒99.06）of vaccine effectiveness and booster vaccination showed 100% of the effectiveness against severe/critical COVID-19 and death.
Conclusions Full primary and booster vaccination coverage in the elderly is low， especially in those aged 80 and above. Our study finds high protection against COVID-19 associated severe/critical illness and death from both full primary and booster vaccination of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in the elderly aged ≥60 years.

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