<b>2020</b>年上海市法定传染病疫情分析

付梅花; 冯玮; 王晔; 陶芳芳

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2023.22934

摘要:

目的了解上海市2020年除新型冠状病毒感染（COVID⁃19）外的其他法定传染病（notifiable infectious diseases， NIDs）的疫情特点，为制订传染病防控策略提供参考依据。

方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2015—2020年上海市法定传染病报告数据，采用描述性流行病学方法分析2020年上海市法定传染病的发病情况和流行特征，并与2015—2019年均值进行比较。

结果除COVID⁃19外， 2020年上海市共报告23种45 574例法定传染病，报告发病率为187.69/10万，较2015—2019年均值下降50.58%，乙类、丙类传染病发病率分别下降38.07%和57.47%（均P<0.001）。报告发病率居前3位的传染病分别为流行性感冒（64.58/10万）、梅毒（39.09/10万）和肺结核（24.90/10万）。绝大部分传染病发病率均值较2015—2019年下降，其中麻疹（97.15%）、风疹（88.81%）、百日咳（87.43%）、手足口病（85.99%）和猩红热（79.84%）的降幅较大（均P<0.001）。综合来看，不同传播途径传染病中呼吸道传染病降幅最大、其次为肠道传染病、虫媒及自然疫源传染病和血源及性传播传染病。2020年发病率较高的地区分别为奉贤区（310.23/10万）、徐汇区（271.93/ 10万）和虹口区（254.38/10万）。奉贤区呼吸道传染病、金山区肠道传染病、长宁区血源及性传播传染病和杨浦区虫媒及自然疫源传染病的发病率最高，上海市16个区传染病的发病率均有不同程度下降（均P<0.001）。男性传染病发病率（209.44/10万）高于女性（164.89/10万）（χ²=624.864，P<0.001）；呼吸道和肠道传染病发病率在0~9岁的儿童中最高，血源及性传播传染病发病率在70~79岁和20~29岁年龄组较高，虫媒及自然疫源传染病发病率在20~29岁年龄组最高；发病人群以学生（8 327例，18.27%）、退休人员（6 393例，14.03%）和家政及家务待业（5 988例，13.14%）为主。

结论 COVID⁃19疫情防控政策下2020年上海市绝大部分法定传染病发病率明显下降。

Abstract:

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases （NIDs） other than coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） in Shanghai in 2020， and to provide evidence for formulating infectious disease prevention and control strategies.

Methods Data of NIDs reported in Shanghai from 2015 to 2020 were collected through the National Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence and prevalence characteristics of NIDs in Shanghai in 2020， and compared them with the average values of 2015 to 2019.

Results A total of 45 574 cases of 23 kinds of NIDs were reported in Shanghai in 2020， except for COVID-19， with an incidence of 187.69/10⁵， and a decrease rate of 50.58% compared with the average value of 2015 to 2019. The incidence of category B and C infectious diseases decreased by 38.07% and 57.47%， respectively （All P<0.001）. The top 3 reported infectious diseases with the highest incidence rate were influenza （64.58/10⁵）， syphilis （39.09/10⁵） and tuberculosis （24.90/10⁵）. The incidence of most infectious diseases decreased compared with the average of 2015 to 2019， among which measles （97.15%）， rubella （88.81%）， pertussis （87.43%）， hand foot mouth disease （85.99%） and scarlet fever （79.84%） decreased significantly （all P<0.001）. In general， compared with the average from 2015 to 2019， respiratory infectious diseases declined most， followed by intestinal infectious diseases， insect-borne and natural focal infectious diseases， blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases. Districts with higher incidence in 2020 were Fengxian District （310.23/10⁵）， Xuhui District （271.93/10⁵） and Hongkou District （254.38/10⁵）. Respiratory infectious diseases in Fengxian District， intestinal infectious diseases in Jinshan District， blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases in Changning District， and insect-borne and natural focal infectious diseases in Yangpu District showed the highest incidence rate. Incidence of infectious diseases in 16 districts of Shanghai decreased with different degrees （all P<0.001）. Incidence of infectious diseases in males （209.44/10⁵） was higher than that in females （164.89/10⁵）（χ²=624.864， P<0.001）. Children aged 0-9 years had the highest incidence of respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases. People aged 70‒79 years and 20‒29 years had higher incidence of blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases， and people aged 20‒29 years had the highest incidence of insect-borne and natural focal infectious diseases. Majority of the patients were students （8 327 cases， 18.27%）， retired people （6 393 cases， 14.03%） and unemployed household workers （5 988 cases， 13.14%）.

Conclusion Under the COVID-19 prevention and control policies， the incidence of most NIDs in Shanghai decreased significantly in 2020.

2020年上海市法定传染病疫情分析

Epidemiological characteristics of the notifiable infectious diseases reported in Shanghai in 2020