2022年上海市松江区1~30岁健康人群水痘-带状疱疹病毒抗体水平分析

陈文花; 沈金花; 朱祺; 姚红岑; 陆红梅

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2024.23579

2022年上海市松江区1~30岁健康人群水痘-带状疱疹病毒抗体水平分析

Antibody levels against varicella-zoster virus in healthy individuals aged 1 to 30 years in Songjiang District of Shanghai in 2022

摘要

摘要:
目的了解上海市松江区1~30岁健康人群水痘⁃带状疱疹病毒（VZV）抗体水平，为健康人群水痘免疫策略制定提供依据。
方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法于2022年7—9月在松江区抽取6个村居委，招募1~30岁健康人群采集静脉血3~5 mL，采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测VZV IgG抗体水平，分析比较VZV IgG抗体阳性率和抗体几何平均浓度（GMC）。
结果本研究共纳入对象315例，平均年龄（10.97±8.38）岁，其中男性165例［年龄（11.00±8.52）岁］，女性150例［年龄（10.96±8.25）岁］。共采集315例1~30岁健康人群血样，VZV IgG总体抗体阳性率为55.24%（174/315），GMC 为99.73 mIU·mL^-1，其中VZV IgG抗体阳性者GMC为413.11 mIU·mL^-1。不同年龄组VZV IgG抗体阳性率和GMC范围分别为13.33%~86.67%和16.36~355.14 mIU·mL^-1，其中20~30岁年龄组GMC最高（355.14 mIU·mL^-1），19岁以下人群中5~岁和15~岁年龄组GMC水平较高，分别为132.41、138.12 mIU·mL^-1；接种1剂次水痘疫苗者VZV IgG抗体阳性率为38.40%，GMC为53.28 mIU·mL^-1，接种2剂次水痘疫苗者为63.49%，GMC为130.79 mIU·mL^-1。多因素分析显示，职业类型是健康人群VZV IgG抗体阳性率危险因素（OR=2.540）；有2剂次水痘免疫史者，距末次水痘接种时间是健康人群VZV IgG抗体阳性率的保护因素（OR=0.315）。
结论上海市松江区健康人群VZV IgG抗体总体水平偏低，应继续加强水痘2剂次免疫规划程序的实施，提高易感人群水痘疫苗接种率。

Abstract:
Objective To determine the antibody levels of varicella-zoster virus （VZV） in healthy individuals aged 1 to 30 years in Songjiang District of Shanghai， and to provide evidence for further development of varicella immunization strategies for healthy population.
Methods Six village committees were selected in Songjiang District through multi-stage stratified random sampling method from July to September 2022. Healthy individuals aged 1 to 30 years old in these villages were recruited and 3‒5 mL of venous blood was collected. Anti-VZV IgG antibody was tested by ELISA. Positive rate of anti-VZV IgG antibody and geometric mean concentration （GMC） were determined.
Results A total of 315 healthy individuals aged （10.97±8.38） years were included in this study， of which 165 were males aged （11.00±8.52） years and 150 were females aged （10.96±8.25） years. Blood samples were collected and tested for anti-VZV IgG antibody， with the overall positive rate of 55.24% （174/315）. The GMC was calculated to be 99.73 mIU·mL^-1， with the GMC in those tested positive for anti-VZV IgG antibody of 413.11 mIU·mL^-1. The positive rate of anti-VZV IgG antibody and GMCs across age groups ranged between 13.33%‒86.67% and 16.36‒355.14 mIU·mL^-1， respectively. The highest GMC was found in the group of 20‒30 years old （355.14 mIU·mL^-1）， followed by 132.41 mIU·mL^-1 in the group of 5‒ years old and 138.12 mIU·mL^-1 in the group of 15‒ years old. Moreover， the positive rate was 38.47% in the group with 1-dose varicella vaccine and 63.49% in the group with 2 doses， while the GMC were 53.28 mIU·mL^-1 and 130.79 mIU·mL^-1 in these two groups， respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that occupation was a risk factor associated with anti-VZV IgG antibody （OR=2.540）. Stratified analysis by varicella immunization history showed that among 2-dose vaccination group， time interval since the last dose was a protective factor （OR=0.315）.
Conclusions The overall positive rate of anti-VZV IgG antibody in healthy population in Songjiang District of Shanghai remains low. The 2-dose varicella vaccination should be strengthened to improve the coverage in susceptible population.

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