Abstract: Objective To ascertain life expectancy and rank order of causes of death among residents in Datuan Town of Pudong New Area of Shanghai in 2013, so as to guide disease control and prevention. Methods On the basis of death surveillance and population data for residents of Datuan Town, the rank order of causes of death and potential years of life lost among residents of different genders, as well as the life expectancy or that with elimination of some serious disease death causes were calculated. Results The top three causes in rank order of causes of death for residents of different genders in Datuan Town in 2013 were circulatory system diseases, tumors and respiratory diseases. The life expectancy for male residents was 81.1 years, and for female residents was 85.4 years. If the circulatory system diseases death cause was eliminated, the life expectancy for males would be 90.2 years, and for females would be up to 99.9 years. Conclusion The top three causes in rank order of causes of death for both male and female residents were chronic non-infectious diseases. To control the occurrence of chronic non-infectious diseases and reduce the damage have become the common problems that face the government, the department of health and whole society.