Abstract: Objective To investigate the mosquito infestations in kindergartens and surrounding residential areas in Jiading district of Shanghai and to provide basis for scientific prevention and control. Methods The mosquito infestations were investigated by combination use of mosquito breeding sites investigation and lamp trapping method in 13 kindergartens and 13 surrounding residential areas, which were randomly selected. The investigation was carried out from May to December. Results The mosquito density was 0.59/(lamp·h) in kindergartens, including 92.1% of Culex pipiens pallens, 7.36% of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and 0.54% of Anopheles sinensis. Positive rate of mosquito breeding was 2.29% in kindergartens with the average density of larvae of 1.60/scoop. The positive rate of breeding in tires was the highest (χ²=5.51,P=0.02). The positive rate of Aedes albopictus in small water containers was higher than that of large and medium-sized water containers (χ₂=10.13,P=0.001). The positive rate of Culex pipiens pallensinwas was higher in large and medium-sized water containers(χ²=6.38,P=0.01). The positive rate was higher during summer vocation periods (July to August) compared with academic terms(September to October). (χ²=5.83,P=0.02). The positive rate of breeding in residential areas was 3.92%, with average density of 3.03/scoop. The positive rate was the highest in the spare pots and jars. The density of larvae was highest in the garbage water. The positive rate of breeding in residential areas was higher than that of kindergartens(χ²=6.29, P=0.01). Conclusion There are indoor mosquito infestations in kindergartens, mainly with Aedes albopictus. The density is the highest in summer from July to August. The positive rate of mosquito infestations in residential areas is higher than in the kindergartens.