Abstract: Objective To investigate pulmonary function of the children close to a large chemical industrial park and its influencing factors. Methods Date of daily average air PM₁₀,SO₂ and NO₂ levels from two communities(Area A near a chemical industrial area, area B far away from the chemical industrial area)of Shanghai were collected. Questionnaires and pulmonary functions tests were performed among children of grade 3 to 5 in two primary schools from the two communities. Results The annual PM₁₀ levels were 75.12 μg/m³ in area A and 79.46 μg/m³ in area B, which were both slightly higher than the secondary standard of Ambient Air Quality Standard, GB 3095-2012(70 μg/m³). The annual NO₂ level (40.67 μg/m³)in area B was slightly higher than the secondary standard of Ambient Air Quality Standard, GB 3095-2012(40 μg/m³). There were no significant differences in PM₁₀, SO₂ and NO₂ levels between the two communities. The height and some pulmonary functions parameters such as forced vital capacity (FVC)and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) of children in are A were lower than those in area B. After reference predicted values of lung function were balanced, there were no significant differences in children's pulmonary function parameters between the two areas, FVC% and FEV₁% were both above 87%, FEF_50% and FEF_75% were both above 72%. Bad condition of the ventilation in the kitchen and passive smoking had adverse effects on FEV₁% or FVC% and FEF_50%% (r about -0.1). Conclusion The air quality close to the large chemical industrial park was not so bad, and there is no significant differences in the children's pulmonary function between area A and area B. The children's pulmonary may be more sensitive to the indoor environment in the low levels of atmosphere pollution.