Abstract: Objective To investigate epidemic characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) in Huangpu District of Shanghai, and evaluate the effects of its prevention and control. Methods Ecology research method was used to analyze epidemic characteristics of TB from 1990 to 2013 in Huangpu District. Results In 1990-2013, the average incidence rate of TB was 37.37/10⁵, showing a trend of gradual decline as a whole and the average death rate was 0.47/10⁵. The incidence rate in elderly males aged over 65 was the highest. Those with the highest morbidity were accordingly retirees, workers, housekeeping and the unemployed. Conclusion The overall effect of control of TB was obvious in Huangpu District from 1990 to 2013. While public's lack of knowledge and awareness, non-standard cure, high rate of drug resistance and large numbers of floating population posed challenge for prevention and control. TB cure and control still need to be improved.