Abstract: Objective To explore related factors in impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among Chinese residents and to obtain evidence for the prevention and control of T2DM. Methods Based on the baseline information of Yuhuan Health Cohort Study in Zhejiang province, totally 269 newly diagnosed T2DM patients were identified and then those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and IGR were enrolled from the same community,matching with the same gender, age group (±3 years old) and no relatives with cases. Conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the possible related factors. Results From NGT to T2DM, the proportions of abdominal obesity (χ²_trend=20.834, P<0.001), dyslipidemia (χ²_trend=16.299, P<0.001) and hypertension (χ²_trend=10.670, P=0.005) increased significantly. After the adjustment of age, gender and other covariates, alcohol assumption (aOR=2.06, 95%CI:1.18-3.60) was an independent risk factor for IGR with the comparison to NGT. The independent risk factors for T2DM were abdominal obesity (aOR=1.63, 95%CI:1.14-2.35) with the comparison to IGR, as well as hypertension (aOR=1.69, 95%CI:1.14-2.50), dyslipidemia (aOR=1.80, 95%CI:1.24-3.63) and abdominal obesity (aOR=2.12, 95%CI:1.46-3.08) with the comparison to NGT. Conclusion Alcohol assumption was an independent risk factor for IGR while hypertension, dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity were independent risk factors for T2DM among Chinese residents. It is suggested that more attentions should be paid for the prevention and control of diabetes in the communities.