Abstract: Objective To determine key indicators from the current assessment indicators for rapid and safe transportation of high pathogenic biological samples. Methods Based on the current assessment tables of biological safety inspection for high pathogenic biological samples, a total of seven experts were consulted on the 21 indicators by Delphi method. Key assessment indicators were selected through two rounds of consultation and analysis of indexes with boundary value method. Results A total of seven key assessment indexes were selected as the rapid evaluation indexes for safe transportation of high pathogenic biological samples including effective certificate, the management of transportation personnel and transportation vehicles, the safety of transportation packaging, and transportation report. Conclusion A system of rapid assessment indexes about the safe transportation of high pathogenic biological samples have been established. The rapid assessment system can shorten the evaluation time and improve the efficiency of transportation safety supervision for health supervision departments, and can provide a set of rapid self-assessment indexes for the transport sector, thus the biological safety of transportation can be greatly enhanced.