Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adult residents of Pudong New Area of Shanghai and the relationship between CKD and anemia. Methods A total of 3 326 residents aged over 18 years were randomly selected and interviewed from Pudong New Area of Shanghai through multistage sampling. A fasting blood sample and a morning urine sample were collected from each participant to test plasma level of creatinine, haemoglobin and others. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated to estimate the renal function. Results The age standardized prevalence of CKD was 13.2%, and the prevalence rate of anemia 1.7%. The prevalence rate of anemia in participants with CKD was higher than those without CKD. CKD higher stages were associated with the presence of anemia independently. Conclusion The prevalence of CKD in Pudong New Area is comparable to that previously reported in China or other developed countries. The prevalence rate of anemia among CKD patients is higher, and increases with higher stages in CKD. So a community-integrated control strategy should be warranted to prevent and monitor the incidence of ESRD and associated anemia.