Abstract: Objective To ascertain the mortality situation and main death causes among children under five years old in Fengxian District in the past four years and explore intervention measures. Methods Based on reported cases of death among children under 5 years old from various medical organizations of Fengxian district from Oct.1, 2006 to Sept. 30, 2010, mortality situations in newborn babies, 1~4 years old children and 5 year old children were analyzed. Results Mortality of children under 5 years old showed the decline trend from 10.75‰ in 2007 to 5.86‰ in 2010 year by year. Mortality of newborns displayed the decline trend from 3.80‰ in 2007 to 1.42‰ in 2010 year by year. The main death causes were drowning, accidental suffocation, birth asphyxia, premature labor, low birth weight, sudden death, pneumonia and traffic accidents. Conclusion Using various measures to reduce accidental deaths among children and infants should be the main strategy for reducing mortality in children under 5 years old in Fengxian district.